In a world where geopolitical shifts, economic realignments, and talent shortages have become the norm, the UK finds itself in a paradox. It is a nation brimming with ambition yet constrained by structural challenges—ranging from an ageing workforce and productivity stagnation to a severe housing crisis and a struggling education system. The healthcare sector is grappling with staff shortages, while industries such as manufacturing and technology face a widening skills gap. And while its policymakers scour the globe for solutions, they need only look towards India—an unlikely but compelling answer to some of the UK’s most pressing problems. Written by By Sachin Nandha
The much-anticipated UK-India Free Trade Agreement (FTA) is often framed as a game-changer. If (and it is a big if) it is concluded successfully, it could reduce tariffs on industries such as cars, and textiles, unlock billions in investment in sectors like emerging technology, renewable energy, and pharmaceuticals, and create an easier path for businesses on both sides by streamlining regulatory processes and improving visa policies (UK Department for Business and Trade, 2023).
India’s expanding middle class—expected to reach 600 million by 2030 (World Economic Forum, 2023)—is largely an untapped market for British goods and services, particularly in sectors like financial services, pharmaceuticals, and education. British universities, for instance, could seriously benefit from the influx of Indian students as tuition fees contribute significantly to the UK economy (Higher Education Statistics Agency, 2023). Almost 173,000 Indian students paid the exuberant international fees that UK universities charge, as a result of which they have become the bedrock of any UK university balance sheet. At the same time, UK businesses seeking cost-effective, high-quality manufacturing can leverage India’s advanced production ecosystem, especially in industries such as electric vehicles and sustainable materials (McKinsey Global Institute, 2023).
Yet, the real magic of this agreement lies in its ability to attract talent. As the UK grapples with labour shortages across critical industries, India can provide a wellspring of highly skilled professionals. For instance, India produces nearly a million engineers annually (All India Council for Technical Education, 2023), many of whom are primed to support the UK’s ambitions in AI, software development, and scientific research.
However, India is more than just a market. True success in trade lies in understanding its cultural and historical significance. The winners in this economic partnership will be those investors and entrepreneurs who appreciate India’s unique blend of tradition and modernity. For example, British luxury brands that successfully integrate India’s artisanal heritage into their products are seeing rising demand among India’s affluent consumers, almost 150 million of them. Likewise, technology firms that recognise India’s digital-first approach, driven by initiatives like Digital India, will fare better in market expansion (NASSCOM, 2023). Trade is not just about products and services—it’s about narratives, values, and trust, which require a deep understanding of the Indian story.
The UK’s education system is facing a severe shortage of teachers, particularly in Mathematics and Science. The Department for Education reported that in 2023, only 43% of the target number of secondary school physics teachers were recruited, and maths recruitment reached just 64% of the goal (UK Department for Education, 2023). This shortage is not just an administrative headache; it directly impacts the country’s future workforce, innovation capacity, and global competitiveness.
India produces over 9 million qualified teachers, including a surplus of STEM educators (National Council for Teacher Education, India, 2023). A pragmatic solution lies in leveraging digital education technology to tap into this vast talent pool. By providing cultural training, Indian teachers could effectively deliver Maths and Science lessons remotely to British schoolchildren.
This initiative offers a win-win scenario. For India, it provides career opportunities for teachers seeking international exposure and professional development. For the UK, it injects a much-needed influx of subject-matter experts who can inspire the next generation of scientists, engineers, and mathematicians. Furthermore, Indian educators bring a strong foundation in rigorous pedagogy, having trained in a system that places heavy emphasis on analytical thinking and problem-solving.
Beyond merely filling vacancies, this partnership is about transforming the UK’s education system. By introducing diverse teaching methodologies and leveraging India’s strengths in digital education—such as Diksha, the Indian government’s digital platform for teachers—the UK can enhance the quality of education while addressing its shortages. Indian teachers, with their fluency in English and adaptability, can integrate seamlessly into British schools, ensuring a smooth transition for students and staff alike.
Ultimately, this is about more than numbers. A robust education system underpins a country’s ability to compete globally. By drawing from India’s deep reservoir of teaching talent, the UK can secure its place as a leader in innovation, technology, and science for decades to come.
Forging Systemic Solutions for a Shared Future
A single policy tweak or one-off initiative won’t be enough. What’s required is a systemic approach—one that doesn’t just plug immediate gaps but lays the foundation for lasting economic and social interdependence. India and the UK have a unique opportunity to construct frameworks that serve multiple regions simultaneously, benefiting both countries in equal measure.
Take, for instance, the energy sector. India is one of the leading nations in scaling up renewable energy at unprecedented speed. British companies specialising in green technology, battery storage, and hydrogen fuel can integrate with India’s aggressive sustainability roadmap, creating solutions that work for both economies. Similarly, healthcare partnerships could see the UK drawing from India’s pharmaceutical expertise, reducing the cost of life-saving treatments while allowing Indian biotech firms greater access to European markets.
A Vision for the Future: Redefining the India-UK Relationship
My vision is simple: to create meaningful dialogue between India and the West, where collaboration is driven by shared prosperity rather than transactional diplomacy. The goal is to influence key stakeholders—business leaders, policymakers, and investors—to view India not just as a country of outsourcing and call centres but as a hub of innovation, talent, and sustainable practices.
If history has taught us anything, it’s that progress is rarely linear. The UK and India have a complex, intertwined past, but the future presents an opportunity for genuine partnership. With the right vision, the right stakeholders, and the right policies, this relationship can move beyond nostalgic Commonwealth ties into a pragmatic alliance that defines the next century of global commerce.
The UK needs a strategic partner to solve its labour shortages, drive sustainable innovation, and boost economic growth. India, with its dynamism, demographic dividend, and technological prowess, is that partner.
It’s time for Britain to look East—not out of obligation, but out of necessity.
About Sachin Nandha
Sachin Nandha is an influential leader, strategic advisor, and advocate for sustainability, deeply committed to bridging the worlds of India and the West to promote sustainable change. As the Director and Trustee of the International Centre for Sustainability (ICfS) in London, Sachin leverages over 15 years of experience in private equity, healthcare, and strategic advisory roles to foster impactful partnerships and systemic reform. His mission is to demonstrate that sustainability is not merely an ethical choice but a potent driver of innovation, economic growth, and social progress.
