A retail trade area has three common definitions. It can be a circle drawn a set distance around a store, the area a driver can reach in a set time, or the map of where a store’s visitors come from. Each one suits a different kind of site, from a store that is already open to a site with no store yet.
Three Ways to Define a Trade Area
A trade area, also called a catchment, is the zone a store draws most of its customers from.
Radius Trade Areas
A radius trade area is a circle of fixed distance, such as 3 miles, around a store or candidate site. It is fast to draw and easy to compare between sites. It also ignores roads, rivers and highways, so it works best in dense urban cores where travel is roughly even in every direction.
Join The European Business Briefing
New subscribers this quarter are entered into a draw to win a Rolex Submariner. Join 40,000+ founders, investors and executives who read EBM every day.
SubscribeDrive-Time Trade Areas
A drive-time trade area, also called a drive-time polygon or isochrone, covers every point a driver can reach within a set number of minutes on the road network. Its shape bends along highways and stops at barriers. Six of the eight tools below can draw one. It is the usual method for a candidate site, where no store exists yet to measure.
Visitor-Based Trade Areas
A visitor-based trade area is built from mobile-device location data that shows where an existing store’s visitors live or work. It reflects real behavior rather than distance. It also needs a store with a visit history, so for a new site it is borrowed from comparable stores or modeled.
1. Placer.ai
Method: observed visits. Placer.ai draws what it calls a True Trade Area, built from the places a store’s visitors come from. A chain can compare its trade areas with those of rival stores it does not own. Each area comes with demographic and psychographic detail, such as household size, income and interests, although Placer.ai does not name the data source. For a chain with stores already open, this is the closest thing to a measured trade area rather than a drawn one. Such an area can look lopsided, stretching along a highway or a commuter route, because it follows where visitors actually come from. Data reaches users through a dashboard, an API and data feeds.
Pricing is not disclosed, and Placer.ai sells customized subscriptions only. Its data describes the people who visit places, and it does not map a company’s own spreadsheet. No import feature is listed. The company says it has more than 4,000 customers.
2. Esri ArcGIS Business Analyst
Method: distance and drive time. Esri’s ArcGIS Business Analyst is enterprise GIS software that builds distance rings and drive-time or walk-time areas for any address. Its strength is the data inside. The June 2026 release includes current-year estimates for 2026 and forecasts for 2031. It also has American Community Survey (ACS) data updated to 2020-2024, with about 500 ACS variables at the block group level. A block group is a small census area that usually has 600 to 3,000 people. The Web App Standard tier leaves out suitability scoring and void analysis, and no list price is posted.
3. CARTO
Method: drive time. CARTO computes isolines, its term for travel-time catchments by car, bike or on foot, inside a company’s own data warehouse. That design suits large store networks, since hundreds of trade areas are stored in the same place as the sales and customer tables they are compared against. Analysis runs in low-code Workflows with more than 100 ready-made components. Teams can subscribe to ACS sociodemographics at the block group level through its data catalog, though no vintage is stated. Isolines draw on usage credits, and no price is published. CARTO is built for teams already working in BigQuery, Snowflake, Redshift or Databricks.
4. SiteZeus
Method: observed visits, plus drawn territories. SiteZeus uses mobile location data from a store’s own visitors to outline what it calls a true trade area. Separate tools draw and optimize custom territories, and the suite adds a revenue forecast for any site. A listings feature finds available real estate that matches a brand’s performance drivers. SiteZeus does not disclose pricing and sells through demos.
5. GapMaps
Method: drive time, walk time, radius and visits. GapMaps, based in Australia, sells a location intelligence platform called GapMaps Live. It offers more ways to set a catchment than any other tool here. Catchments can be set by drive time or walk time, by time of day and day of week, or from visitation patterns. One customer describes switching between travel-time and radius catchments. The time-of-day setting suits a store whose reach at lunch differs from its reach during the evening commute. Teams can bring in their own sales data, customer locations or performance figures, and export lists of the competitors and traffic generators inside a catchment.
Its site emphasizes Asia-Pacific, Middle East and Africa markets and does not say how deep its US coverage goes. Pricing is by enquiry only.
6. Smappen
Method: drive time and radius. Smappen, a web-based mapping tool from a French company, draws isochrone and radius trade areas and can build areas from ZIP codes. Customer records come in from Excel or a HubSpot sync. US population inside each area comes from the Census Bureau’s ACS 5-year 2024 release. Smappen asks for less technical skill than any other tool here, and isochrones are included on the free plan. Free and Essential show only a basic population count, and income and age detail comes with Pro.
7. Maptive
Method: distance and drive time. Maptive draws trade areas around the stores and customers in a team’s own spreadsheet. Its Distance Radius tool places a ring of any size, in miles or kilometers, around an address, pin or marker, and the customers inside can be pulled into a spreadsheet with their straight-line or driving distance. Census data goes down to state, county, ZIP, tract and block group levels.
Customer heat maps come in two styles, Marker Density and Represents Numerical Data, and the second can weight the map by a sales column. Maptive has no visitation data, so it cannot build a trade area from a store’s real visitors.
8. SiteSeer
Method: drive time, radius and drawn boundaries. SiteSeer sells trade-area reports on demand, with no subscription required. A report can be drawn by drive time, radius, ZIP code, county or a custom polygon. The demographics come from Applied Geographic Solutions and are updated twice a year, which SiteSeer contrasts with Census 2020 and ACS tables. The Advisor plan adds scorecards, hotspot analysis and territory optimization. Subscription plans, from Explorer to Enterprise, are quote-only. SiteSeer does not confirm that a company can import its own customer data.
Side by side, the eight tools compare like this.
| Tool | How it defines the trade area | Data inside | Team it fits |
| Placer.ai | Observed visits (True Trade Area) | Visitor demographics and psychographics | Chains with open stores and a data budget |
| Esri ArcGIS Business Analyst | Distance, drive-time and walk-time rings | 2026/2031 estimates, ACS 2020-2024 | Trained analysts |
| CARTO | Isolines computed in the data warehouse | Company tables plus catalog ACS | Data teams with large networks |
| SiteZeus | Mobile-data trade area plus drawn territories | Visitor paths, revenue forecasts | Franchise and multi-unit development teams |
| GapMaps | Drive time, walk time, time of day, visits or radius | Modeled population, own sales data | Networks in markets with weak census data |
| Smappen | Isochrone, radius or ZIP-built areas | ACS 2024 population, detail from Pro | Small expansion teams |
| Maptive | Radius or drive time | Own spreadsheet rows, census to block group | Teams mapping their own customer lists |
| SiteSeer | Drive time, radius, ZIP, county or polygon | AGS demographics, updated twice a year | Teams buying one report at a time |
Choose the Trade Area Method Before the Vendor
Which method fits depends on the site a team is looking at:
- An existing store with visit history: a visitor-based trade area shows where customers come from, and it becomes the benchmark for similar candidates.
- A candidate site with no store yet: a drive-time trade area is the usual starting point, since there are no visits to measure.
- A dense urban core: a radius is often enough where travel time is similar in every direction.
Once the method is set, skill and budget narrow the vendor list. Esri and CARTO suit a trained analyst. A development team with a budget will look at Placer.ai, SiteZeus or GapMaps, while a small team working from a spreadsheet can start with Smappen, Maptive or a single SiteSeer report. Picking the method first also keeps a team from paying for visit data at a site that has no visitors yet. A chain that is both reviewing open stores and scouting new sites may need two methods, and so two tools.



































